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β-Bag cell peptide is a neuroactive peptide. β-Bag cell peptide elevates cyclic AMP levels in the bag cell neurons. β-Bag cell peptide decreases the amplitudes of the voltage-dependent potassium currents .
GTx1-15 is an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptide that inhibits the voltage-dependentcalcium channel Cav3.1 and the voltage-dependent sodium channels Nav1.3 and Nav1.7 .
Besipirdine is a non-receptor-dependent cholinomimetic agent with noradrenergic activity. Besipirdine inhibits voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels.
Irampanel (BIIR 561) is an AMPA receptor and voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker. Irampanel inhibits kainate-induced currents in rat cortical neurons .
Triamterene blocks epithelial Na + channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic. Triamterene is an inhibitor of the TGR5 receptor .
Triamterene-d5 is deuterium labeled Triamterene, which can block epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic.
Evocarpine, a quinolone alkaloid that could be isolated from Evodiae fructus, inhibitss Ca 2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels. Antimycobacterial activity .
Fosphenytoin sodium is a phenytoin proagent with similar anticonvulsant properties. Its main mechanism is to block frequency-dependent, use-dependent and voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, and therefore limit repetitive firing of action potentials.
A-887826 is a potent, selective, oral bioavailable and voltage-dependentNa(v)1.8 sodium channel blocker with an IC50 of 11 nM . A-887826 attenuates neuropathic tactile allodynia in vivo .
N-Desethyl Oxybutynin-d5 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled N-Desethyl Oxybutynin hydrochloride. N-Desethyl Oxybutynin is the the active metabolite Oxybutynin. Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic agent that inhibits voltage-dependent K+ channels[1].
Sipatrigine (619C89), a neuroprotective agent, is a glutamate release inhibitor, voltage-dependentsodium channel and calcium channel inhibitor, penetrating the central nervous system. Has the potential in the study for focal cerebral ischemia and stroke .
Triamterene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Triamterene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Triamterene blocks epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic. Triamterene as an inhibitor of the TGR5 receptor.
Iberiotoxin (TFA) is a selective high conductance high conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channel inhibitor with a Kd of ~1 nM. Iberiotoxin (TFA) does not block other types of voltage-dependent ion channels .
Noxiustoxin is a toxin from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius which block voltage-dependentpotassium channel (Kv1.3, IC50 = 360 nM), and calcium-activated potassium channel. Noxiustoxin plays an important role in neuroinflammatory disease .
Heteropodatoxin-2, a peptides of 30-amino acid, is a heteropodatoxin. Heteropodatoxin-2 blocks Kv4.2 current expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in a voltage-dependent manner, with less block at more positive potentials .
Heteropodatoxin-2 (TFA), a peptides of 30-amino acid, is a heteropodatoxin. Heteropodatoxin-2 blocks Kv4.2 current expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in a voltage-dependent manner, with less block at more positive potentials .
VBIT-4 is an inhibitor of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization with a binding affinity (Kd) of 17 μM. VBIT-4, as an apoptosis inhibitor, can be used for therapeutic purposes in apoptosis-associated disorders, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases .
Amlodipine, an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
Methyclothiazide is an orally active antihypertensive agent and a diuretic agent. Methyclothiazide leads to a reduction of the vascular response to the action of endogenous vasoconstricting stimuli, such as Norepinephrine (HY-13715). Methyclothiazide is against voltage-dependent Ca-channel (VDCC) activity in vitro .
SNX-482, a peptidyl toxin of the spider Hysterocrates gigas, is a potent, high affinity, selective and voltage-dependent R-type CaV2.3 channel blocker with an IC50 of 30 nM. SNX-482 has antinociceptive effect .
NMDA receptor antagonist 4 (IIc) is a uncompetitive, voltage-dependent, orally active NMDAR blocker, with an IC50 of 1.93 µM. NMDA receptor antagonist 4 shows a positive predicted blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, and can be studied in Alzheimer's disease .
Fosphenytoin-d10 (disodium) is deuterium labeled Fosphenytoin (disodium). Fosphenytoin sodium is a phenytoin proagent with similar anticonvulsant properties. Its main mechanism is to block frequency-dependent, use-dependent and voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, and therefore limit repetitive firing of action potentials.
Amlodipine mesylate, an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine mesylate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
(R)-IDHP is an isomer of IDHP, a salvia metabolite that exerts vasorelaxant effects by inhibiting Ca 2+ release and Ca 2+ inward flow in voltage-dependent and receptor-operated calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. IDHP is used in studies of cardiovascular disease .
Amlodipine maleate is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, acts as an orally active antianginal agent. Amlodipine maleate blocks the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine maleate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
Iberiotoxin is a toxin isolated from Buthus tamulus scorpion venom. Iberiotoxin is a selective high conductance high conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channel inhibitor with a Kd of ~1 nM. Iberiotoxin does not block other types of voltage-dependent ion channels .
Drotaverine (hydrochloride) is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine (hydrochloride) exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects.
N-Salicyloyltryptamine acts on voltage-dependent Na +, Ca 2+, and K + ion channels inhibitor. N-Salicyloyltryptamine inhibits K + currents with an IC50 value of 34.6 μM (Ito). N-Salicyloyltryptamine also exhibits anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and vasorelaxation effect - .
Amlodipine besylate (Amlodipine benzenesulfonate), an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine besylate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
GaTx2 is a seletive and a high affinity inhibitor of ClC-2 channels with a voltage-dependent apparent KD of ∼20 pM. GaTx2 is a peptide toxin inhibitor from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus venom. GaTx2 is useful in determining the role and the membrane localization of ClC-2 in specific cell types .
Amlodipine-d4 (maleate) is the deuterium labeled Amlodipine maleate. Amlodipine maleate is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, acts as an orally active antianginal agent. Amlodipine maleate blocks the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine maleate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer[1][2][3].
Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS sodium is the sodium salt form of Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS. Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS is an inhibitor for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK). Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS sodium is an agonist for cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in a voltage-dependent manner .
Drotaverine-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Drotaverine hydrochloride. Drotaverine hydrochloride is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine hydrochloride exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects[1][2].
Amlodipine-d4 is a deuterium labeled Amlodipine (HY-B0317). Amlodipine, an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
Amlodipine-1,1,2,2-d4 (maleate) is the deuterium labeled Amlodipine. Amlodipine, an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer[1][2][3].
Amlodipine-d4 (besylate) is the deuterium labeled Amlodipine besylate. Amlodipine besylate (Amlodipine benzenesulfonate), an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine besylate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer[1][2][3].
Erastin is a ferroptosis inducer. Erastin exhibits the mechanism of ferroptosis induction related to ROS and iron-dependent signaling. Erastin inhibits voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC2/VDAC3) and accelerates oxidation, leading to the accumulation of endogenous reactive oxygen species. Erastin also disrupts mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with anti-tumor activity .
QO 58 is a potent modulator of K(v)7 channels. QO-58 increases the current amplitudes, shifts the voltage-dependent activation curve in a more negative direction and slows the deactivation of K(v)7.2/K(v)7.3 currents. QO-58 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with neuronal hyperexcitability .
BBT is an enhancer of impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). BBT exhibits anti-hyperglycemia activity, and protects β-cells from cytokine- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death in type 2 diabetes models. BBT acts function via cAMP/PKA and long-lasting (L-type) voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel/CaMK2 pathway .
Amlodipine (besylate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Amlodipine (besylate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Amlodipine besylate (Amlodipine benzenesulfonate), an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine besylate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
(+)-Kavain, a main kavalactone extracted from Piper methysticum, has anticonvulsive properties, attenuating vascular smooth muscle contraction through interactions with voltage-dependent Na + and Ca 2+ channels . (+)-Kavain is shown to bind at the α4β2δ GABAA receptor and potentiate GABA efficacy . (+)-Kavain is used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases, its anti-inflammatory action has been widely studied .
Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid sodium) sodium is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid sodium is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid sodium is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid sodium also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid sodium has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice .
PF-05186462 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human Nav1.7 voltage-dependent sodium channel, with an IC50 of 21 nM. PF-05186462 shows significant selectivity for Nav1.7 versus other sodium channels (Nav 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.8). PF-05186462 can be used for the research of acute or chronic pain .
Ethacrynic acid D5 is a deuterium labeled Ethacrynic acid. Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice .
L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca + channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals .
Ebselen (SPI-1005), a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, is a potent voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker . Ebselen potently inhibits M pro (IC50=0.67 μM) and COVID-19 virus (EC50=4.67 μM) .Ebselen is an inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid CTD dimerization. Ebselen, an organoselenium compound, can permeate the blood-brain barrier and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activity .
DCPIB is a selective, reversible and potent inhibitor of volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). DCPIB voltage-dependently activates potassium channels TREK1 and TRAAK, and inhibits TRESK, TASK1 and TASK3 (IC50s: 0.14, 0.95, 50.72 μM, respectively). DCPIB is also a selective blocker of swelling-induced chloride current (ICl,swell), with an IC50 of 4.1 μM. DCPIB is a useful tool for investigating structure-function studies of K2P channels .
DL-Phenylalanine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled DL-Phenylalanine hydrochloride. L-Phenylalanine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine hydrochloride is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine hydrochloride is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine hydrochloride is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
ShK toxin blocks voltage-dependentpotassium channel (Kv1.3 channel). ShK toxin can be isolated from the whole body extract of the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactylu helianthus). ShK toxin competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin for binding to synaptosomal membranes of rat brain, facilitates acetylcholine release. ShK toxin suppresses K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. ShK toxin also inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation .
Ethacrynic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ethacrynic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ethacrynic acid (Etacrynic acid) is a diuretic. Ethacrynic acid is an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Ethacrynic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-kB-signaling pathway, and also modulates leukotriene formation. Ethacrynic acid also inhibits L-type voltage-dependent and store-operated calcium channel, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Ethacrynic acid has anti-inflammatory properties that reduces the retinoid-induced ear edema in mice .
L-Phenylalanine-d is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
RPR-260243, a potent activator of human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG), slows deactivation and attenuates inactivation of hERG1 channels. RPR260243-modified HERG currents are inhibited by Dofetilide (IC50=58 nM). RPR260243 displays no activator-like effects on other voltage-dependent ion channels, including the closely related ERG3 K+ channel . RPR-260243 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
L-Phenylalanine-d2 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d7 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d8 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 15N is the 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C9 is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-3- 13C is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C9, 15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 15N,d8 is the deuterium and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C9, 15N,d8 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
Sodium channels conduct sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane that are the source of excitatory currents for the nervous system and muscle. Na channels are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change (Voltage-gated, voltage-sensitive, or voltage-dependent sodium channel also called VGSCs or Nav channel) or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels). Dysfunction in voltage-gated sodium channels correlates with neurological and cardiac diseases, including epilepsy, myopathies, pain and cardiac arrhythmias. Sodium channel blockers are used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, pain and convulsion.
MCE offers a unique collection of 128 sodium channel blocker and antagonists, all of which have the identified inhibitory effect on sodium channels. MCE Sodium Channel Blocker Library can be used for neurological and cardiac diseases drug discovery and sodium channel research.
Iberiotoxin (TFA) is a selective high conductance high conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channel inhibitor with a Kd of ~1 nM. Iberiotoxin (TFA) does not block other types of voltage-dependent ion channels .
β-Bag cell peptide is a neuroactive peptide. β-Bag cell peptide elevates cyclic AMP levels in the bag cell neurons. β-Bag cell peptide decreases the amplitudes of the voltage-dependent potassium currents .
GTx1-15 is an inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) peptide that inhibits the voltage-dependentcalcium channel Cav3.1 and the voltage-dependent sodium channels Nav1.3 and Nav1.7 .
Noxiustoxin is a toxin from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius which block voltage-dependentpotassium channel (Kv1.3, IC50 = 360 nM), and calcium-activated potassium channel. Noxiustoxin plays an important role in neuroinflammatory disease .
Heteropodatoxin-2, a peptides of 30-amino acid, is a heteropodatoxin. Heteropodatoxin-2 blocks Kv4.2 current expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in a voltage-dependent manner, with less block at more positive potentials .
Heteropodatoxin-2 (TFA), a peptides of 30-amino acid, is a heteropodatoxin. Heteropodatoxin-2 blocks Kv4.2 current expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in a voltage-dependent manner, with less block at more positive potentials .
SNX-482, a peptidyl toxin of the spider Hysterocrates gigas, is a potent, high affinity, selective and voltage-dependent R-type CaV2.3 channel blocker with an IC50 of 30 nM. SNX-482 has antinociceptive effect .
GaTx2 is a seletive and a high affinity inhibitor of ClC-2 channels with a voltage-dependent apparent KD of ∼20 pM. GaTx2 is a peptide toxin inhibitor from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus venom. GaTx2 is useful in determining the role and the membrane localization of ClC-2 in specific cell types .
Egg Laying Hormone, aplysia is a neuropeptide synthesized by the bag cell neurons, which contains 36 amino acids and can stimulate egglaying and ovulation in Aplysia via electrical discharge triggering of neurons. Egg-laying hormone of Aplysia induces a voltage-dependent slow inward current carried by Na' in an identified motoneuron .
ShK toxin blocks voltage-dependentpotassium channel (Kv1.3 channel). ShK toxin can be isolated from the whole body extract of the Caribbean sea anemone (Stichodactylu helianthus). ShK toxin competes with dendrotoxin I and α-dendrotoxin for binding to synaptosomal membranes of rat brain, facilitates acetylcholine release. ShK toxin suppresses K+ currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. ShK toxin also inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation .
Evocarpine, a quinolone alkaloid that could be isolated from Evodiae fructus, inhibitss Ca 2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels. Antimycobacterial activity .
L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca + channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals .
(R)-IDHP is an isomer of IDHP, a salvia metabolite that exerts vasorelaxant effects by inhibiting Ca 2+ release and Ca 2+ inward flow in voltage-dependent and receptor-operated calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. IDHP is used in studies of cardiovascular disease .
CACNG1 Protein, a regulatory subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel, contributes to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle and modulates channel inactivation kinetics. Collaborating with CACNA1S, CACNB1 or CACNB2, and CACNA2D1, CACNG1 orchestrates a balanced 1:1:1:1 ratio channel assembly, influencing the voltage-gated calcium channel's functionality in skeletal muscle. CACNG1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant mouse-derived CACNG1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CACNG1 Protein, Mouse (Cell-Free, His) is 223 a.a., with molecular weight of 26.6 kDa.
The CACNA1C protein is the alpha-1C subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels that generate L-type calcium currents that are critical for calcium influx and sarcoplasmic release. Its role in excitation-contraction coupling is critical for cardiac development, rhythm regulation, and smooth muscle cell contraction. CACNA1C Protein, Pig (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant pig-derived CACNA1C protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CACNA1C Protein, Pig (Cell-Free, His) is 169 a.a., with molecular weight of 22.3 kDa.
The CACNA2D1 protein, particularly its α-2/δ subunit, plays a key role in regulating calcium current density and activation/deactivation kinetics of voltage-dependent calcium channels. It contributes to excitation-contraction coupling, coordinating cellular processes. CACNA2D1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived CACNA2D1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of CACNA2D1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is 141 a.a., with molecular weight of ~32.3 kDa.
Triamterene-d5 is deuterium labeled Triamterene, which can block epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in a voltage-dependent manner, which used as a mild diuretic.
Amlodipine-d4 (maleate) is the deuterium labeled Amlodipine maleate. Amlodipine maleate is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, acts as an orally active antianginal agent. Amlodipine maleate blocks the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine maleate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer[1][2][3].
N-Desethyl Oxybutynin-d5 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled N-Desethyl Oxybutynin hydrochloride. N-Desethyl Oxybutynin is the the active metabolite Oxybutynin. Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic agent that inhibits voltage-dependent K+ channels[1].
Fosphenytoin-d10 (disodium) is deuterium labeled Fosphenytoin (disodium). Fosphenytoin sodium is a phenytoin proagent with similar anticonvulsant properties. Its main mechanism is to block frequency-dependent, use-dependent and voltage-dependent neuronal sodium channels, and therefore limit repetitive firing of action potentials.
Drotaverine-d10 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Drotaverine hydrochloride. Drotaverine hydrochloride is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine hydrochloride exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects[1][2].
Amlodipine-d4 is a deuterium labeled Amlodipine (HY-B0317). Amlodipine, an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer .
Amlodipine-d4 (besylate) is the deuterium labeled Amlodipine besylate. Amlodipine besylate (Amlodipine benzenesulfonate), an antianginal agent and an orally active dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, works by blocking the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels, thereby inhibiting the initial influx of calcium. Amlodipine besylate can be used for the research of high blood pressure and cancer[1][2][3].
DL-Phenylalanine-d5 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled DL-Phenylalanine hydrochloride. L-Phenylalanine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine hydrochloride is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine hydrochloride is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine hydrochloride is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d2 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d7 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d8 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 15N is the 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C9 is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine-3- 13C is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C6 is the 13C-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C9, 15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 15N,d8 is the deuterium and 15N-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
L-Phenylalanine- 13C9, 15N,d8 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine ((S)-2-Amino-3-phenylpropionic acid) is an essential amino acid isolated from Escherichia coli. L-Phenylalanine is a α2δ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca+ channels antagonist with a Ki of 980 nM. L-phenylalanine is a competitive antagonist for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) (KB of 573 μM ) and non-NMDARs, respectively. L-Phenylalanine is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals[1][2][3][4].
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